8/19/2023 0 Comments Starfield ps4![]() Rest assured, we'll let you know if anything changes. We're sorry to be the bearers of disappointing news. Though we cannot speculate as to whether or not this will change, it looks like, in the meantime, PlayStation fans are just going to have to grin and bear it. Aaron Greenberg, Xbox marketing's general manager (again, quoted in GamesRadar), has made it very clear that "Starfield will be launching exclusively on Xbox Series X|S and PC". Despite this, however, it's clear that Starfield's status as a PC and Xbox exclusive has ruffled more than a few feathers. However, as welcome as this news might be to Game Pass subscribers, it does little to allay disappointment, should you prefer the PlayStation.Īccording to GamesRadar, Todd Howard, director, and executive producer at Bethesda, insisted that more focus will make for "a better product". Some even believe that Starfield on Xbox Game Pass could make it Bethesda's 'most played' game ever. ![]() That being said, Starfield is due to arrive on Xbox Game Pass, so it will at least be affordable for PC and Xbox users, as well as those using the service's streaming capabilities. Regrettably, we can only speculate at this point. Quite what this means for Fallout 5 or Elder Scrolls 6 we don't know, however, it's possible that both beloved franchises may find themselves becoming Xbox exclusives too. That being said, Bethesda has yet to make an announcement either way with regard to the Fallout or Elder Scrolls series. With Microsoft having bought Bethesda, it is unlikely we'll see Starfield released on the PS5, especially at launch. It looks like Starfield is set to be a PC and Xbox exclusive for the foreseeable future. To top the disappointment, there's nothing out there to suggest that it might be a timed exclusive.
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8/18/2023 0 Comments Atlas vpn premium account![]() It became part of Nord Security – the company behind the well-established NordVPN – in 2021, and continues to improve since then. Where Does Atlas VPN Come From?Ītlas VPN is a relatively young player in the VPN space, based in the United States, but it has already garnered over 6 million users since its launch in 2019. Let’s see whether you can trust Atlas VPN with your sensitive information. So, you’ll want your service provider to protect your personal data and never exploit it in any way. VPN services usually handle copious amounts of sensitive data. Therefore, we put this VPN through a series of tests and compiled our results in this hands-on Atlas VPN review.īut before we dig any deeper, here’s a list of the most prominent features that will give you a sense of what to expect from the free and premium versions of the service.Ītlas VPN is based in the USA, but it offers a strict no-logs service and undergoes independent audits regularly. These are all impressive features on paper, but we wanted to know how Atlas VPN performs in real-life situations. Additionally, the VPN informs you whenever your personal data leaks in a breach using its “Data Breach Monitor.” You also get unique features like “SafeSwap,” which continually changes your IP address to keep you anonymous online. For example, it doesn’t put any limit on simultaneous connections. The service markets itself as the best free VPN, but as you’ll see in this Atlas VPN review, the paid (premium) version of the VPN is comparable to what the best VPN services on the market bring to the table.Ītlas VPN brings robust fundamentals - but also goes well beyond the basics. Atlas VPN is a freemium VPN service that offers an impressive set of features to keep you safe and private online. 8/18/2023 0 Comments Garys homebrew supply![]() And Bay Area-based MoreBeer - its Concord showroom is open for curbside pickup - and San Leandro’s Williams Brewing will ship supplies, as will national outfits such as Northern Brewer and Homebrew Supply. You’ll find a “Find a Homebrew Supply Shop” list under the homebrew recipes tab at the top of the homepage, listing shops in Berkeley, Concord, Dublin, San Leandro and more.īerkeley’s Oak Barrel, for example, is open with reduced hours - 10 a.m. Find a home brewer supply shop near you - both Google and the AHA website,, can help. Rate your experience Brewery, Brewing Supplies Hours: Closed Today 208 Newman Ave, 3403 Gulf Beach Hwy, Pensacola (850) 723-2739 Ratings Google 4. If this is your first time brewing, I’d recommend starting small. Garys Brewery & Biergarten 4.8 - 104 votes. As of last week, 1,749 home brewers - in 55 states and 44 countries - had pledged to start a brew. 6311 Porter Rd Unit 7 Sarasota, FL 34240 Google Maps Hangar 41 Winery & Brew Shop (Time To Make Wine, Inc. This year’s event, which will be celebrated virtually on May 2, is aimed at creating the world’s largest brew day. 54 PM - Gary Glass, American Homebrewers Association, testified in support of. Last year, I interviewed Glass for Big Brew Day, which is the first Saturday in May. Quirky Homebrew Supply The 3 Best Homebrewing Kits for Making Beer 2022. Contact Homebrewing Useful local links for homebrewers or those thinking of getting involved in this rewarding adventure. AHA memberships have ticked up slightly, he says, but there’s been a major surge in web traffic, especially on AHA’s home-brewing help forums, which are open to everybody. Gary Glass, director of the American Homebrewing Association, has seen it, too. One of the things Chris Graham, co-owner of the Bay Area’s MoreBeer home-brew supply stores, has noticed during the lockdown is how many former homebrewers, who gave up the hobby as the number of craft breweries rose, have jumped back in now. But there’s a saying that goes, “If you can bake bread, you can brew beer.” Perhaps you already have. Grain Orders Send us your Grain Order and we'll have it ready for pick up when you need it. We’ve made some in my household, as well. Welcome to Gary's Products We have a vast selection of ingredients and equipment, perfect for the novice brewer looking to get started or experienced brewers looking to spice up a recipe. You may have noticed how many people have started experimenting with baking their own bread during these shelter-in-place days. 8/18/2023 0 Comments Popcorn time apk for android tvMovies and series in their original language with subtitles.Playback in HD quality whenever possible.Two groups arrived that used the source code: One of them was supported by the original developers (Popcorn.io) and it was mutating until it reached what we know today. Just a few months after its release, the original version shut down and the app forked into various groups which wanted to continue a service that had changed the way movies were played online. ![]() The application has tried to succeed on the Internet since its inception in 2014 but it has not been easy, it has changed hands, it has closed and opened again and again. Unlike the paid platforms that use their own closed video compression system to offer you the content through their online or desktop applications for PC, Mac or smartphone, Popcorn provides a service through torrent connections that download the video to a temporary folder, which means you can start watching a movie or episode whilst the rest of the video finishes downloading. If there’s an update available for the Popcorn Time app, press the update option for it to update the app.Find out the best Popcorn Time alternatives to stream free Movies and TV Shows online A service based on torrent connections Press updates available to see if there are any updates for your apps. Then, press manage apps and devices to show a list of all your apps. ![]() Go to the Play store, and press on your profile icon. If there is, press on it to update the app. This will show you a list of all the apps you’ve downloaded.įind the Popcorn Time app and see if there’s an update option for it. Go to the App store, pressing on your profile picture, and pressing ‘purchased’. Try checking to see if your app needs updating, and update the app if it does. Popcorn Time may not be working because you have an outdated version of the app. ![]() If there’s an available update, download it to update your phone. Go to Settings > Software Update > Download and Install, to check for updates. If there’s an available update to download, press ‘download and install’ to update your phone. Go to Settings > General > Software Update. Then, after updating your device, try using the app again. Check for updates and download any that are available. Popcorn Time may not be working due to your device using outdated drivers or systems. Slide the switch to shut down your phone. Hold down the lock button on the right side of your phone until the option to ‘power off’ appears on the screen. It’s a good idea to try restarting your device, and using the app again – this will clear any saved data from your current session. Popcorn Time may not be working due to an issue with your device – both Apple and iOS users may face trouble running the app. If the server status is ‘up’, it means the server is not down at the moment and the app should be working as normal. You can find out whether this is the case by going on to check Popcorn Time’s server status. Make sure the issue lies in the Popcorn Time app rather than Popcorn Time’s servers. If your broadband is fine, then the issue may lie elsewhere. These should be solved within a few days, though it can be worth getting in touch with your broadband provider to check. If there’s a high amount of reports, then there your internet broadband is having problems. ![]() If the issue persists, then you can check if there are any problems with your internet provider by going on and searching for your broadband.Ĭlick on your broadband to see their recent outage reports. If it still doesn’t work, try turning your router on and off again. Try disconnecting and reconnecting to your network on your device, and try using the internet again. If it doesn’t work, then there’s probably something wrong with your internet connection. If you don’t have an internet connection, you likely won’t be able to use the app to its full potential.Ĭheck that your internet is working, by using something that requires the internet – e.g. Popcorn Time requires a working internet connection to work. We’ll walk through these steps in a little more detail, as well as a few other reasons why the Popcorn Time app may have stopped working. It could also be related to the Popcorn Time servers, which could be down – though this is pretty unlikely. Making sure your Wi-Fi or mobile data is connected properly is the first thing to do, as this is the most common issue users have. If you’re having problems with the Popcorn Time app, the first thing to look at is your internet connection. Popcorn Time not working on Android/iOS? – How to Fix So, what can you do if the Popcorn Time app stops working? Fortunately, there are a few things you can do to get it up and running again. For the most part, you can watch new films in a HD quality. Popcorn Time is an extremely popular app for users that want quick access to the newest movies released. 8/18/2023 0 Comments Gestation period for white rhinoThere are different species of whales living on this planet and their gestation time is also different. With 12 to 16 months of the longest gestation period, they came at number 3 in this list. They are also one of the largest underwater animals. Whales are the most amazing and largest creatures living on Earth. The females are so protective that they take care of their babies until the age of 13. The females deliver only one calf whose weight is in between 40 to 65 kg. Surprisingly they can last for more than 16 months. Among all these five species white rhinos have the longest gestation time. White Rhino, Black Rhino, Javan Rhino, Sumatran Rhino, and the great one-horned Rhino. Following is the name of five species of Rhino. They are capable of carrying their calf for 15 to 16 Months. There are five different types of Rhino living in this world. This unique animal is well known for its iconic horns. With the weight of approximately 45 or 75 kg, they came at number 5 in this list. They are capable of swimming right after their birth and that is the most interesting thing. Usually, their females give birth to one calf but there are also chances for twins as well. Their gestation time is in between 15 to 16 months. They are also known for their long pregnancy period. They are highly famous for their iconic tusks and incredible adaptation. This unique and amazing marine mammal is mostly found within the Arctic Circle. Camel marks their name at number 6 in the list of animals with the longest gestation period. The weight of baby camel is around 40 kg and they are also capable of walking within half an hour after birth. ![]() Female camel gives birth to only one calf. Both of them are extremely famous and love for millions of animal lovers. Bactrian and Dromedary are the two types of camels living in this world. Different species of Camels have different pregnancy period. Their gestation time also very long and they can carry babies for 13 to 15 months. The height of the Giraffe calf is 6 feet and they can also start running after a few hours. The interesting thing about female Giraffe is that they give birth by standing up. Their gestation time is very long as it can last for 13 to 15 months. Their gestation time is as fascinating as their size. Giraffe 13- 15 MonthsĪ giraffe is one of the tallest and largest animals presents on Earth. It would take half an hour for a donkey foal to walk after the birth. The weight of donkey’s foal is approximately 8 to 13.5 kg. They give birth to a single baby or a foal. Their female is capable of carrying its baby for 11 to 15 months. Donkey 11-15 Monthsĭonkey is among the most hardworking animals in the world. Their lifestyle is unique and they are the craziest underwater animals that you have ever seen. ![]() The surprising thing about their calves is that they can swim within an hour after birth. They also come to surface for breathing air but only for 3 to 5 minutes. The interesting thing about them is that they only give birth to one calf and it was born underwater. The gestation period of Manatee can last about 12 months. Manatee is very famous and also known as a sea cow. Basically, it can last from 10 to 12 months. Zebra is a unique animal and their gestation period based on different species. ![]() ![]() All of them are very popular and loved by millions of people. The names of three species are Plain Zebra, Mountain Zebra, and gravy zebra. Basically, it consists of three different species. Zebra is very famous and one of the most beautiful animals in the world. Did you know that there are few animals that have a much longer gestation period than humans? Yes, this reality and to cover this discussion we bring you the list of animals who have the longest gestation period. The Human gestation period lies in between 7 to 9 months. This magical and inspiring relation starts with gestation period. They both had a special relationship with each other. The most important thing for a mother in this world is her child. The gestation period of animals varies among different species. 8/18/2023 0 Comments 5 x 8 notecard![]() Provide a valid physical residential and delivery address īe an authorised holder of an eligible debit card, credit card or other payment method as may be accepted by Atome from time to time ( “Payment Method”). Have a valid and verifiable email address and mobile telephone number To be eligible to use the Platform and/or the Atome Services, you must:īe an individual who is at least eighteen (18) years old īe capable of entering into a legally binding contract Eligibility Account Creation Member Verification.Atome shall not be liable in any way to you for any interruption to the use of the Atome Service during such period of maintenance or system upgrades. Atome may improve, enhance and modify the Platform from time to time. ![]() Atome may restrict the availability of the Platform or certain areas or features thereof, if this is necessary in view of capacity limits, the security or integrity of our servers, or to carry out maintenance measures that ensure the proper or improved functioning of the Platform. ANY FEES CHARGED BY THE MERCHANT FOR THE USE OF ATOME SERVICES (IF ANY) DO NOT REPRESENT ANY FEES CHARGED OR INTENDED TO BE CHARGED BY ATOME TO ANY CUSTOMERS IN ANY WAY.ĭue to the nature of the internet, Atome cannot guarantee the continuous and uninterrupted availability and accessibility of the Platform. THE MERCHANT IS SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY LIABILITIES INCURRED AND OBLIGATIONS DERIVED FROM AND IN THE COURSE OF PROVIDING THE MERCHANT SERVICES. Atome expressly disclaims all warranties related to the Merchant’s sale of the Merchant Services, express or implied, including any warranties of accuracy, reliability, and any implied warranties for merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. Merchants remain fully responsible for their Merchant Services and the purchase of the Merchant Services shall remain a contract between yourself and the Merchant. ![]() The services performed by the Platform that facilitates the Deferred Payment Structure shall be referred to as the “Atome Services”.įor the avoidance of doubt, the Atome Services do not constitute a lending or credit facility offered by Atome to you, and Atome does not provide any credit to you. We operate a Platform on which participating retailers, merchants, stores or owners of websites of online stores (“Merchants”) offer you the option to make payment for their goods and/or services (“Merchant Services”) on a deferred and interest-free basis (“Deferred Payment Structure”). These Terms shall govern your use of the Atome website, including any subdomains thereof, and any other websites through which Atome makes its services available, our mobile, tablet and other smart device applications, and application program interfaces (collectively, the “Platform”) and the services provided through the Platform in the manner described in Clause 2.1. These Terms are a legally binding agreement between you ( “you”, “your” or the “Customer”) and APaylater Financials Pte Ltd doing business as Atome ( “we”, “us”, “our”, “Atome”) (collectively, the “Parties” and each a “Party”). You should print a copy of these Terms for your records. The headings contained in this document are for reference purposes only. By using the Platform and the Atome Services, you agree to be bound by these Terms and are deemed to have executed these Terms electronically. ![]() Please read these Terms of Service (“Terms”) carefully. ![]() Picture your ideal inbox, then go through the cleaning in one go Why not just use the inbox, you ask? Well, this way, any emails you receive during your clean up won't interrupt your cleaning process. ![]() Drag and drop everything to a folder where you can then sort out the mess. So the first step is simple: start fresh. It’s normal to feel overwhelmed by an inbox full of unread and waiting-to-be-answered emails when you’re trying to give it a spring clean. Move all your emails into one organizing folder Try Mailbutler for Free Learn More What's the best way to clean up your email in your Outlook, Gmail or Apple Mail inbox? 1. So grab your mops and sponges (read: your delete button) here are a list of steps to clean your inbox and declutter your digital space. Just like how you should respect your physical belongings and space, cleaning and tidying up your digital space is the key to peace of mind. Studies have found that digital clutter can hinder your productivity in the exact same way a messy office does. While many of us associate cleaning with emptying cupboards and dusting off the skirting boards, it's also important to give attention to your digital spaces, in particular your email inbox. The importance of cleaning up your Outlook, Gmail or Apple Mail inbox A handful of helpful tips for organizing your inbox.A healthier mindset and relationship with your emails.A freshly organized Apple Mail, Gmail or Outlook inbox.And on top of that, we've included six effective organizing habits you can instantly adapt to curb all your email woes.Īfter completing this guide, you will have: Our team has put together the most complete and actionable guide on cleaning up your Outlook, Gmail or Apple Mail email inbox. It's a real thing and more common than you might expect, with some pretty stark symptoms, such as guilt due to the fact you left emails unanswered for too long, annoyance because you don’t know what to do after you receive an email, and frustration because you have no idea how to properly prioritize incoming emails.īut don't worry - if you've got email anxiety and are feeling stressed about the state of your inbox, Mailbutler is here to help. 8/18/2023 0 Comments Macgap slackUnless built with completely unified code, they require unique test cases for automation, and of course require unique sessions of manual testing in each platform regardless of the development process. Laura Elizabeth, Design Academy Testing challenges with hybrid apps and how to overcome themīecause hybrid apps can be accessed in different devices and environments, they’re naturally a little trickier to test. It’s more the rise of the hybrids than the fall of the desktop. The ease with which hybrid apps can be now developed make it less of a “why?” question and more of a “why not?.” It’s not that native apps are dying, but rather that capabilities for seamless coding are growing, and along with them hybrid apps. As mentioned, matured web coding languages have allowed developers to cut costs of native app development by allowing more unification of the underlying code. However, there are certainly some plusses for developers that have made this an increasingly popular choice. So the number one reason a business will decide to go hybrid should be because of the features and type of access their customers demand. As for desktop, having a docking icon and a separate window whose automatic size fits the app features can increase user adoption of an originally web-based app. On mobile, allowing a user to check out your app and use certain features without downloading anything can be a major advantage. The only real reason for developing a hybrid app is because it’s what your customers demand. We talk a lot about how picky customers are these days (and how testing can help ). Why hybrid apps keep growing in popularity But in practice, some native coding is often required for various platforms.Īs you can see from the bulleted list above, hybrid really just means “combo.” Some take a broader view of the term “hybrid.” It’s not about how the app was built, but the fact that it’s integrated into local files and accessible via web, and that it gives users more options for access, like certain features or files being available offline.īut because HTML is the easiest, fastest language for developing hybrids, the fact is that these types of apps are increasingly built this way. Ideally, hybrid mobile apps don’t actually require separate versions for different operating systems, since they run on CSS, JavaScript and HTML5. OR… mobile applications that don’t have a web access component but use web coding languages to create a unified code base across iOS, Android, and/or Windows Phoneįor the most part, I’ll be discussing web-desktop hybrids, but there are certainly hybrid mobile testing challenges worth considering too.An app that works in web, mobile, and desktop.An app that works in a web browser and as a mobile application.It could refer to an app that works in a web browser and as a desktop application.What are hybrid apps, exactly?Ī hybrid app could refer to just about anything. ![]() ![]() ![]() Here, I’m giving more insight into how the nature of hybrid apps requires an additional consideration during testing strategy. Hybrids pose some unique challenges when it comes to QA, though. Spotify, Slack, Skype…all of these are hybrids. Now hybrid apps are increasingly used by all ages in all industries. With advances to JavaScript and HTML5, developers can create desktop apps with the same languages used to develop on the web and then adapt it for desktop or devices with a tool like MacGap, Electron, or Cordova.īusinesses can offer their customers the best of both worlds (online and offline access) without taking on massive development projects. They became too costly to develop and deploy compared to web apps, which allowed businesses to easily onboard new users, release updates instantly and introduce recurring pricing models rather than one-off purchases.īut then ironically, the web actually saved desktop apps. For a time, desktop applications were declared dead. 8/18/2023 0 Comments Cube pro 3d printer![]() ![]() The climate chamber is sealed and heated to offer a stable environment for prints free from the effects of environmental changes in temperature. We can’t stress how sturdy this printer looks – the weight and rigid frame ooze stability. The top cover is removable to allow access to the inner workings of the print head for easy filament change and repairs if needed. The CubePro is one large printer, weighing in at 90.7 lbs and supported by a heavy-duty, industrial grade metal frame, surrounded by an all-over acrylic enclosure with glass panels on the front and back for easy print monitoring. ![]() The same can be said for the hardware, which is of the highest caliber with no knock-off parts or cost saving omissions. The CubePro is a perfectionist designer’s dream where every aspect of the printer has been thought out and optimized, down to details like the organized cable control systems, clean circuitry, the intelligent choice of component placement, and the overall ordered feel inside and outside of the casing. It retains the enclosed cuboid aesthetic reminiscent of a product designed by the darlings of Silicon Valley, Apple, with rounded contours, a sleek finish, and an overall look that screams professionalism. What a marvelous way to prepare your children for the high-tech world that awaits them not only career-wise, but in school, even early on.ĭo these games appeal to your child–or to the kid in you? Let us know your thoughts in the 3D Printed Games from Cubify Kids forum thread over at heavily from its namesake and smaller cousin, the Cube, the CubePro is as much a rejig as an oversized reimagining of the original. While Cubify Kids is clearly intended to appeal specifically to children, there’s no reason why adults can’t jump in and take on these projects for themselves or, as a kind of family activity where everyone is learning together. The Cube 3D printer, while less sophisticated and more affordable for home use at around $999, still provides users with some pretty impressive options. The Cube Pro features, says its maker, “the largest-in-class build platform with ultra high resolution, with prints 2.5 times larger than any other desktop prosumer and hobbyist printer.” With the Cube Pro, you can not only print in three colors simultaneously, but you have three different material options and over 24 different colors from which to choose. Thanks to Cubify’s Cube Pro 3D printer, the more expensive and sophisticated of the two 3D printers, printing objects in the collection in multiple colors is possible as the Cube Pro prints in up to three colors at once. With Balancing Twigs, kids learn to stack the twigs onto the tree trunk, another dexterity and balance challenge.įinally, Castle Spinners are elaborate tops that children can spin in competition with one another. The Treasure Tic Tac Toe game (my personal favorite), is the classic game made more attractive in the context of the treasure chest and coins, which are rewarded with each win–the player with the most pirate booty (coins) wins the series of games. So, what’s included in Kok’s Tabletop Games Collection? The Jumping Frogs let kids practice dexterity and hand-eye coordination as they flip their frogs onto the awaiting lily pad. So, not only does his latest project teach kids about 3D design and printing, it also inspires self-confidence as they successfully complete the work, but the games themselves foster the development of fine motor skills, teach children strategy, and how to cooperate rather than merely compete. The 22-year-old creator of the Tabletop Games Collection, Kok, is a product designer and 3D modeler who, among other things, specializes in toy design. At Cubify Kids, children can download and print (or print via the Cubify site) games, toys, and other objects, all with the objective of learning about 3D printing firsthand.Ī recent project by Kok, which is featured on the Cubify Kids site, lets children 3D print or purchase their own Tabletop Games Collection using either the Cube 3D printer or the CubePro 3D printer, both manufactured and sold by Cubify. Cubify, a 3D Systems’ owned company ,features a web zone for children–Cubify Kids. By the time school kids these days are entering the job market, many of them will be seasoned pros where 3D technology is concerned.īut what if they get an even earlier jump on 3D technology? What if that education begins at home? If Cubify and Dutch designer Matthijs Kok have anything to say about it, they will. It probably goes without saying that it makes good sense to teach kids how to use this constantly evolving technology. 3D printing is finding its way gradually into school curricula, in part because, more than ever before, 3D printers are becoming affordable even for schools with limited budgets. 8/17/2023 0 Comments Live doppler radar chicago il![]() Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar: Principles and Applications. ^ National Science Foundation (U.S.) (1966).: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Spatial Polarization Characteristics of Radar Antenna: Analysis, Measurement and Anti-jamming Application. ^ Huanyao Dai, Xuesong Wang, Hong Xie, Shunping Xiao, Jia Luo (20 June 2018).It is often positioned near Greeley, Colorado, but is semi-mobile, so that it is movable in separate pieces, and can be quickly assembled or disassembled to participate in a field study. ĬSU-CHILL is protected by a pneumatic dome, and is close to its control buildings. From these, the type of precipitation can be easily discerned. This configuration also aids in the ability to gather samples from various polarizations. ![]() Each transmitter can individually transmit its respective frequency through its own feed horn onto the 9m offset parabolic antenna. It has a transmitter consisting of both S and X-bands, both using a klystron. Description ĬSU-CHILL is used to study atmospheric principles and precipitation on a small scale with the use of two frequencies. ![]() The radar was operated through a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Since hail can cause the rainfall estimates to be higher than what is actually occurring, steps are taken to prevent these high dBZ values from being converted to rainfall.Colorado State University - CHicago ILLinois radar, colloquially CSU-CHILL, is a semi-mobile, dual-frequency weather surveillance radar developed in 1970 by the University of Chicago and the Illinois State Water Survey, which has since been moved to Colorado on behalf of Colorado State University. Hail is a good reflector of energy and will return very high dBZ values. These values are estimates of the rainfall per hour, updated each volume scan, with rainfall accumulated over time. Depending on the type of weather occurring and the area of the U.S., forecasters use a set of rainrates which are associated to the dBZ values. The higher the dBZ, the stronger the rainrate. KLOT Chicago, Illinois Based Nexrad Doppler Radar Station with Enhanced Nexrad Doppler Radar from the National Weather Service for the General Chicago, IL. Typically, light rain is occurring when the dBZ value reaches 20. The scale of dBZ values is also related to the intensity of rainfall. The value of the dBZ depends upon the mode the radar is in at the time the image was created. Notice the color on each scale remains the same in both operational modes, only the values change. The other scale (near left) represents dBZ values when the radar is in precipitation mode (dBZ values from 5 to 75). One scale (far left) represents dBZ values when the radar is in clear air mode (dBZ values from -28 to +28). Each reflectivity image you see includes one of two color scales. The dBZ values increase as the strength of the signal returned to the radar increases. So, a more convenient number for calculations and comparison, a decibel (or logarithmic) scale (dBZ), is used. Reflectivity (designated by the letter Z) covers a wide range of signals (from very weak to very strong). "Reflectivity" is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver. The colors are the different echo intensities (reflectivity) measured in dBZ (decibels of Z) during each elevation scan. |
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